Block #259,446

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/13/2013, 3:27:35 PM · Difficulty 9.9773 · 6,549,205 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
1deff89de0b8c5e3d938ba85bf252441bc4a71f5ada0485c95eda6b3fa9c8409

Height

#259,446

Difficulty

9.977260

Transactions

1

Size

1.81 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fa2dbb

Nonce

96,955

Timestamp

11/13/2013, 3:27:35 PM

Confirmations

6,549,205

Merkle Root

61fb227aff17775c73050d0276388d392f31bc03f1197d6c24f9f7b0febbadcc
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.256 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
12561913356309456789…74222520753404876161
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.256 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
12561913356309456789…74222520753404876161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.512 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
25123826712618913579…48445041506809752321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
5.024 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
50247653425237827158…96890083013619504641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.004 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
10049530685047565431…93780166027239009281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.009 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
20099061370095130863…87560332054478018561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
4.019 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
40198122740190261726…75120664108956037121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
8.039 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
80396245480380523453…50241328217912074241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.607 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
16079249096076104690…00482656435824148481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
3.215 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
32158498192152209381…00965312871648296961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
6.431 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
64316996384304418763…01930625743296593921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,713,261 XPM·at block #6,808,650 · updates every 60s
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