Block #258,575

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/13/2013, 3:27:05 AM · Difficulty 9.9766 · 6,543,957 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
5c7a1aa25395668d1b0cf409847596bdcd333785d1497c628937bb6703bbb5e3

Height

#258,575

Difficulty

9.976562

Transactions

7

Size

2.88 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f9fff4

Nonce

130,115

Timestamp

11/13/2013, 3:27:05 AM

Confirmations

6,543,957

Merkle Root

956dc05825675e0c3817bd223769fff2bd56357b8d37f2b7f5eb54824a6c868e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.978 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
19782367819670378895…23894053789051059841
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.978 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
19782367819670378895…23894053789051059841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.956 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
39564735639340757791…47788107578102119681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
7.912 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
79129471278681515583…95576215156204239361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.582 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
15825894255736303116…91152430312408478721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
3.165 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
31651788511472606233…82304860624816957441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
6.330 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
63303577022945212466…64609721249633914881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.266 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
12660715404589042493…29219442499267829761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.532 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
25321430809178084986…58438884998535659521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
5.064 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
50642861618356169973…16877769997071319041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.012 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10128572323671233994…33755539994142638081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,664,265 XPM·at block #6,802,531 · updates every 60s
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