Block #2,582,292

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 3/24/2018, 5:13:04 AM · Difficulty 11.1201 · 4,259,903 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
770f0778f8f2ce0ab74ee6e03eb94ba54cc9956d7f0a3ad680da1c74f305c7c3

Height

#2,582,292

Difficulty

11.120110

Transactions

6

Size

1.85 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b1ebf85

Nonce

684,441,316

Timestamp

3/24/2018, 5:13:04 AM

Confirmations

4,259,903

Merkle Root

2e1e5c40330233893e8ecd65c4b0be7b274abfc103647b6d2a73677534697c18
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.673 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
46736202566757175526…42349558936802588479
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.673 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
46736202566757175526…42349558936802588479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.673 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
46736202566757175526…42349558936802588481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
9.347 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
93472405133514351053…84699117873605176959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
9.347 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
93472405133514351053…84699117873605176961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.869 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
18694481026702870210…69398235747210353919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.869 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
18694481026702870210…69398235747210353921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.738 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
37388962053405740421…38796471494420707839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.738 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
37388962053405740421…38796471494420707841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
7.477 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
74777924106811480842…77592942988841415679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
7.477 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
74777924106811480842…77592942988841415681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.495 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14955584821362296168…55185885977682831359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,981,953 XPM·at block #6,842,194 · updates every 60s
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