Block #2,570,515

2CCLength 11★★★☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 3/17/2018, 1:06:02 PM · Difficulty 10.9944 · 4,272,409 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
0128480edea38365ab496a26e4157583f96819046d9d6e6acf3aedb0a55c67a2

Height

#2,570,515

Difficulty

10.994401

Transactions

9

Size

2.64 KB

Version

2

Bits

0afe9116

Nonce

1,214,142,072

Timestamp

3/17/2018, 1:06:02 PM

Confirmations

4,272,409

Merkle Root

48dbc5bf9a2d0b8852253dc90ff087f93e98da30117470be501a75e24d52f2e0
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.402 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
64028587264928444848…60876162788878200321
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
6.402 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
64028587264928444848…60876162788878200321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.280 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12805717452985688969…21752325577756400641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.561 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
25611434905971377939…43504651155512801281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
5.122 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
51222869811942755878…87009302311025602561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.024 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10244573962388551175…74018604622051205121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.048 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
20489147924777102351…48037209244102410241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
4.097 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
40978295849554204702…96074418488204820481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
8.195 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
81956591699108409405…92148836976409640961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.639 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
16391318339821681881…84297673952819281921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
3.278 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
32782636679643363762…68595347905638563841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
11
2^10 × origin + 1
6.556 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
65565273359286727524…37190695811277127681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,987,740 XPM·at block #6,842,923 · updates every 60s
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