Block #256,979

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/12/2013, 4:42:54 AM · Difficulty 9.9754 · 6,548,029 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
b21bacc9daeeee6675b1c3ec65077200d933c44b6a51f75813068ae89bf1daab

Height

#256,979

Difficulty

9.975393

Transactions

4

Size

1.45 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f9b359

Nonce

220

Timestamp

11/12/2013, 4:42:54 AM

Confirmations

6,548,029

Merkle Root

21a875b1fcd49277adcdc84f1cc358d6413528a55c8ffd87d45655b03f6b8635
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.338 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13380112291924026105…50553725440420884481
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.338 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13380112291924026105…50553725440420884481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.676 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
26760224583848052210…01107450880841768961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
5.352 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
53520449167696104421…02214901761683537921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.070 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10704089833539220884…04429803523367075841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.140 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
21408179667078441768…08859607046734151681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
4.281 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
42816359334156883537…17719214093468303361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
8.563 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
85632718668313767074…35438428186936606721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.712 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
17126543733662753414…70876856373873213441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
3.425 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
34253087467325506829…41753712747746426881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
6.850 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
68506174934651013659…83507425495492853761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,684,133 XPM·at block #6,805,007 · updates every 60s
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