Block #255,571

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/11/2013, 8:15:21 AM · Difficulty 9.9745 · 6,550,504 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
30d7b8eabac7eb1e1b0f7077e401c8e0406e0dddee2df66943327d773fae1f21

Height

#255,571

Difficulty

9.974465

Transactions

20

Size

7.03 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f97683

Nonce

27,950

Timestamp

11/11/2013, 8:15:21 AM

Confirmations

6,550,504

Merkle Root

baf11db64ebcd5dbdfa8695df88865b5ed901e990785bcc717b14d9ec3463ec0
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.138 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
21386087264931957406…57644676394541499519
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.138 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
21386087264931957406…57644676394541499519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.138 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
21386087264931957406…57644676394541499521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.277 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
42772174529863914813…15289352789082999039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.277 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
42772174529863914813…15289352789082999041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
8.554 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
85544349059727829627…30578705578165998079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
8.554 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
85544349059727829627…30578705578165998081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.710 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
17108869811945565925…61157411156331996159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.710 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
17108869811945565925…61157411156331996161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.421 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
34217739623891131850…22314822312663992319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.421 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
34217739623891131850…22314822312663992321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,692,673 XPM·at block #6,806,074 · updates every 60s
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