Block #255,530

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/11/2013, 7:51:04 AM · Difficulty 9.9744 · 6,555,334 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
0e05295281e1836efb2a305f0a057e2fe546b199814646ab5f13f5b3065e40e4

Height

#255,530

Difficulty

9.974365

Transactions

13

Size

48.11 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f97000

Nonce

4,609

Timestamp

11/11/2013, 7:51:04 AM

Confirmations

6,555,334

Merkle Root

da2bfa245d80e8b4b3ec69aa38e38a0b515c30868a0b8ba5476ff0643583f232
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.479 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24792922590069378669…05582584123088221339
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.479 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24792922590069378669…05582584123088221339
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.479 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24792922590069378669…05582584123088221341
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.958 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
49585845180138757339…11165168246176442679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.958 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
49585845180138757339…11165168246176442681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
9.917 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
99171690360277514678…22330336492352885359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
9.917 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
99171690360277514678…22330336492352885361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.983 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19834338072055502935…44660672984705770719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.983 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19834338072055502935…44660672984705770721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.966 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
39668676144111005871…89321345969411541439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,731,008 XPM·at block #6,810,863 · updates every 60s
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