Block #255,325

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/11/2013, 5:12:34 AM · Difficulty 9.9741 · 6,547,338 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
c1f0869372ff5f7425e7722179e5762a66df46d497a32b4f7994cc5613c84d60

Height

#255,325

Difficulty

9.974119

Transactions

6

Size

2.83 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f95fde

Nonce

1,714

Timestamp

11/11/2013, 5:12:34 AM

Confirmations

6,547,338

Merkle Root

fdc13310472628877cddf65697c2f159522cb926d18cc1da6cf7d306c28e5b80
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.749 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
47498445425135504851…95821785512597345279
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.749 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
47498445425135504851…95821785512597345279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.749 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
47498445425135504851…95821785512597345281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
9.499 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
94996890850271009702…91643571025194690559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
9.499 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
94996890850271009702…91643571025194690561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.899 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
18999378170054201940…83287142050389381119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.899 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
18999378170054201940…83287142050389381121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.799 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
37998756340108403881…66574284100778762239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.799 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
37998756340108403881…66574284100778762241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
7.599 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
75997512680216807762…33148568201557524479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,665,322 XPM·at block #6,802,662 · updates every 60s
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