Block #2,553,086

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 3/7/2018, 5:26:04 AM · Difficulty 10.9900 · 4,290,054 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
c9cd3c26fe10924e3bd19037c82562b5da344dd66cf49da14d3c8efeb0108b0b

Height

#2,553,086

Difficulty

10.990006

Transactions

6

Size

2.21 KB

Version

2

Bits

0afd7101

Nonce

956,912,767

Timestamp

3/7/2018, 5:26:04 AM

Confirmations

4,290,054

Merkle Root

ed1dc9977b1559123fb07faa1418daf68824832b3c51a98dd52f2157194757b5
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.692 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
26926800579195819052…49474507140004095359
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.692 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
26926800579195819052…49474507140004095359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.692 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
26926800579195819052…49474507140004095361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.385 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
53853601158391638104…98949014280008190719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.385 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
53853601158391638104…98949014280008190721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.077 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10770720231678327620…97898028560016381439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.077 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10770720231678327620…97898028560016381441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.154 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21541440463356655241…95796057120032762879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.154 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21541440463356655241…95796057120032762881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.308 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
43082880926713310483…91592114240065525759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.308 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
43082880926713310483…91592114240065525761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
8.616 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
86165761853426620967…83184228480131051519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,989,484 XPM·at block #6,843,139 · updates every 60s
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