Block #255,234

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/11/2013, 4:07:44 AM · Difficulty 9.9740 · 6,571,335 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
539638da51c94d445726866ef1078b1869bfec000b56cc76cdeca92ebd9d5ded

Height

#255,234

Difficulty

9.973984

Transactions

9

Size

3.63 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f95702

Nonce

13,000

Timestamp

11/11/2013, 4:07:44 AM

Confirmations

6,571,335

Merkle Root

da52d2e50d82d5e4cf28ca79c7bdc57fd16ddf11b768eedfa199ededd0a167f2
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.631 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
86314094865839979135…43562891329645680639
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.631 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
86314094865839979135…43562891329645680639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.631 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
86314094865839979135…43562891329645680641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.726 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
17262818973167995827…87125782659291361279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.726 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
17262818973167995827…87125782659291361281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.452 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
34525637946335991654…74251565318582722559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.452 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
34525637946335991654…74251565318582722561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.905 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
69051275892671983308…48503130637165445119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.905 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
69051275892671983308…48503130637165445121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.381 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
13810255178534396661…97006261274330890239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.381 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
13810255178534396661…97006261274330890241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,856,703 XPM·at block #6,826,568 · updates every 60s
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