Block #255,001

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/11/2013, 1:10:11 AM · Difficulty 9.9737 · 6,554,761 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
1562084049b2210f64d4112feb6905561be986c02f3f0fcd5d8c8ac0b5f95eab

Height

#255,001

Difficulty

9.973688

Transactions

6

Size

4.58 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f943a1

Nonce

6,498

Timestamp

11/11/2013, 1:10:11 AM

Confirmations

6,554,761

Merkle Root

f56d4bbc1a64eadec5c41956d51c211e08f81b91e53abc765fff1b187b2704a7
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.319 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
33191015008265331869…02460923215219887999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.319 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
33191015008265331869…02460923215219887999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.319 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
33191015008265331869…02460923215219888001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.638 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
66382030016530663738…04921846430439775999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.638 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
66382030016530663738…04921846430439776001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.327 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13276406003306132747…09843692860879551999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.327 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13276406003306132747…09843692860879552001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.655 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
26552812006612265495…19687385721759103999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.655 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
26552812006612265495…19687385721759104001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.310 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
53105624013224530990…39374771443518207999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.310 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
53105624013224530990…39374771443518208001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,722,183 XPM·at block #6,809,761 · updates every 60s
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