Block #254,986

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/11/2013, 12:56:37 AM · Difficulty 9.9737 · 6,554,390 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
d19e75305c0bb515284c3c2b39e65f79f384d3598fd90bd1556b39cb33c44d1f

Height

#254,986

Difficulty

9.973682

Transactions

12

Size

18.22 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f9433a

Nonce

10,528

Timestamp

11/11/2013, 12:56:37 AM

Confirmations

6,554,390

Merkle Root

c1ab76d82c4e6e1709a0a622ecf6be339b9ff2c0710847f1ca78da3f83880199
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.779 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
27799830898001219503…00958661448901683199
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.779 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
27799830898001219503…00958661448901683199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.779 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
27799830898001219503…00958661448901683201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.559 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
55599661796002439007…01917322897803366399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.559 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
55599661796002439007…01917322897803366401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.111 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11119932359200487801…03834645795606732799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.111 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11119932359200487801…03834645795606732801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.223 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
22239864718400975602…07669291591213465599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.223 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
22239864718400975602…07669291591213465601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.447 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
44479729436801951205…15338583182426931199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.447 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
44479729436801951205…15338583182426931201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,719,078 XPM·at block #6,809,375 · updates every 60s
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