Block #254,851

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/10/2013, 11:01:57 PM · Difficulty 9.9736 · 6,548,896 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
5697b0558164242f06574073941281fa6ff032090b0c9b1270c2621d8d983e61

Height

#254,851

Difficulty

9.973572

Transactions

3

Size

617 B

Version

2

Bits

09f93c0a

Nonce

8,226

Timestamp

11/10/2013, 11:01:57 PM

Confirmations

6,548,896

Merkle Root

c36af1aef26c29a94b51c24752e876d1dec40f24f896875f0d9130daf2db41d0
Transactions (3)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.319 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13199563619247921361…33881047555615917001
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.319 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13199563619247921361…33881047555615917001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.639 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
26399127238495842722…67762095111231834001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
5.279 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
52798254476991685444…35524190222463668001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.055 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10559650895398337088…71048380444927336001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.111 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
21119301790796674177…42096760889854672001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
4.223 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
42238603581593348355…84193521779709344001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
8.447 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
84477207163186696710…68387043559418688001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.689 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
16895441432637339342…36774087118837376001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
3.379 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
33790882865274678684…73548174237674752001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
6.758 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
67581765730549357368…47096348475349504001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,674,014 XPM·at block #6,803,746 · updates every 60s
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