Block #253,822

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/10/2013, 9:09:20 AM · Difficulty 9.9725 · 6,545,469 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
0166f144b1d14d177adf6710624659191682c6ba3c86cee4eae36c717fea07ef

Height

#253,822

Difficulty

9.972499

Transactions

7

Size

2.64 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f8f5b0

Nonce

7,875

Timestamp

11/10/2013, 9:09:20 AM

Confirmations

6,545,469

Merkle Root

145e055ac9443853c8dfdf5246f6bc773c94b8603b0b9332012731e6ef826259
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.534 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
75345083971251861646…40218446722880178099
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.534 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
75345083971251861646…40218446722880178099
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.534 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
75345083971251861646…40218446722880178101
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.506 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15069016794250372329…80436893445760356199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.506 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15069016794250372329…80436893445760356201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.013 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
30138033588500744658…60873786891520712399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.013 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
30138033588500744658…60873786891520712401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.027 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
60276067177001489317…21747573783041424799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.027 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
60276067177001489317…21747573783041424801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.205 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12055213435400297863…43495147566082849599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.205 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12055213435400297863…43495147566082849601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,638,371 XPM·at block #6,799,290 · updates every 60s
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