Block #251,829

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/9/2013, 6:09:32 AM · Difficulty 9.9703 · 6,542,881 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
d8ffa7085e536a6fa42fe50973eca97adbf9a71eebe22e8dea8172a0f60647c1

Height

#251,829

Difficulty

9.970304

Transactions

7

Size

4.02 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f865e0

Nonce

211,014

Timestamp

11/9/2013, 6:09:32 AM

Confirmations

6,542,881

Merkle Root

88e8030ddfeae125b49e4bd137830b028e9c9d5eeb93631245805223c3865ca4
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.503 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
45035275830250107506…65496961074199296001
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
4.503 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
45035275830250107506…65496961074199296001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
9.007 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
90070551660500215013…30993922148398592001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.801 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
18014110332100043002…61987844296797184001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.602 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
36028220664200086005…23975688593594368001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
7.205 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
72056441328400172011…47951377187188736001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.441 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14411288265680034402…95902754374377472001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.882 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
28822576531360068804…91805508748754944001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
5.764 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
57645153062720137608…83611017497509888001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.152 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11529030612544027521…67222034995019776001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
2.305 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
23058061225088055043…34444069990039552001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,601,728 XPM·at block #6,794,709 · updates every 60s
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