Block #2,512,767

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/9/2018, 1:16:45 PM · Difficulty 10.9789 · 4,319,295 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
df4bf09d588ba9d4f319d37c2094d52383f05a79a9620d83c08b2cd759fa38b8

Height

#2,512,767

Difficulty

10.978872

Transactions

7

Size

2.75 KB

Version

2

Bits

0afa9755

Nonce

720,219

Timestamp

2/9/2018, 1:16:45 PM

Confirmations

4,319,295

Merkle Root

4e9d6364e3075876cabeee0ecb00a0e20edf0c4db7764052cbe2dc706a12a752
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.029 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
30296336299763858113…54766231375331138559
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.029 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
30296336299763858113…54766231375331138559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.029 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
30296336299763858113…54766231375331138561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.059 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
60592672599527716227…09532462750662277119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.059 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
60592672599527716227…09532462750662277121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.211 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12118534519905543245…19064925501324554239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.211 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12118534519905543245…19064925501324554241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.423 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24237069039811086491…38129851002649108479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.423 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24237069039811086491…38129851002649108481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.847 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
48474138079622172982…76259702005298216959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.847 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
48474138079622172982…76259702005298216961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
9.694 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
96948276159244345964…52519404010596433919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,900,619 XPM·at block #6,832,061 · updates every 60s
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