Block #251,193

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/8/2013, 9:30:17 PM · Difficulty 9.9696 · 6,547,836 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
8b1eb22730bd09e13abe753075b0e37f44bf0736eeb6ce8309b953104426a6d0

Height

#251,193

Difficulty

9.969599

Transactions

3

Size

584 B

Version

2

Bits

09f8379d

Nonce

6,924

Timestamp

11/8/2013, 9:30:17 PM

Confirmations

6,547,836

Merkle Root

fe5d3c257a84ac22ec87fe29bcd37721a05c84655ec0d729498b817c4244ef7d
Transactions (3)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.769 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
47694412033653346322…21542765996348791041
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
4.769 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
47694412033653346322…21542765996348791041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
9.538 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
95388824067306692644…43085531992697582081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.907 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
19077764813461338528…86171063985395164161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.815 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
38155529626922677057…72342127970790328321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
7.631 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
76311059253845354115…44684255941580656641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.526 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
15262211850769070823…89368511883161313281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
3.052 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
30524423701538141646…78737023766322626561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
6.104 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
61048847403076283292…57474047532645253121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.220 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
12209769480615256658…14948095065290506241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,636,270 XPM·at block #6,799,028 · updates every 60s
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