Block #251,073

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/8/2013, 7:59:56 PM · Difficulty 9.9694 · 6,574,362 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
329ab1d235ac9cb1524bea33ce8625942ed79b2aa58ade1b68461f0660f6840f

Height

#251,073

Difficulty

9.969411

Transactions

3

Size

63.62 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f82b52

Nonce

12,308

Timestamp

11/8/2013, 7:59:56 PM

Confirmations

6,574,362

Merkle Root

40814e2404e64de71c14c9bee33c45bd9073b73c3a01b9ec11472b37f0b9fb9f
Transactions (3)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.711 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17117551765437970963…10002608381892046081
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.711 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17117551765437970963…10002608381892046081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.423 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
34235103530875941927…20005216763784092161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
6.847 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
68470207061751883854…40010433527568184321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.369 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13694041412350376770…80020867055136368641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.738 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
27388082824700753541…60041734110272737281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
5.477 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
54776165649401507083…20083468220545474561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.095 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10955233129880301416…40166936441090949121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.191 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
21910466259760602833…80333872882181898241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
4.382 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
43820932519521205666…60667745764363796481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,847,583 XPM·at block #6,825,434 · updates every 60s
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