Block #2,489,244

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/25/2018, 7:29:49 AM · Difficulty 10.9703 · 4,355,287 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
7f94d2944e7de5e8589008b2bf35a447344bdafc142f7d14a420c2cc8bbaaa9d

Height

#2,489,244

Difficulty

10.970253

Transactions

41

Size

8.65 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af86278

Nonce

152,590,219

Timestamp

1/25/2018, 7:29:49 AM

Confirmations

4,355,287

Merkle Root

0e32c001d4e495920530674bc7dd37bd99b861294821b5275726026ecdfeccc4
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.063 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
50630709463814446894…62442527687048232959
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.063 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
50630709463814446894…62442527687048232959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.063 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
50630709463814446894…62442527687048232961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.012 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10126141892762889378…24885055374096465919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.012 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10126141892762889378…24885055374096465921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.025 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
20252283785525778757…49770110748192931839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.025 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
20252283785525778757…49770110748192931841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.050 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
40504567571051557515…99540221496385863679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.050 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
40504567571051557515…99540221496385863681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
8.100 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
81009135142103115031…99080442992771727359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
8.100 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
81009135142103115031…99080442992771727361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.620 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
16201827028420623006…98160885985543454719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:58,000,649 XPM·at block #6,844,530 · updates every 60s
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