Block #2,488,041

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/24/2018, 1:05:26 PM · Difficulty 10.9696 · 4,355,693 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
0f38b9457f1362aab954e2d54cfc1d06a143245b9be16e0f5b37a35e71d0e7fd

Height

#2,488,041

Difficulty

10.969625

Transactions

17

Size

5.65 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af83951

Nonce

124,595,874

Timestamp

1/24/2018, 1:05:26 PM

Confirmations

4,355,693

Merkle Root

7f710b7f7c7a0b2db8a0359f065f16c6fbc4605f0c85061a078d8898584530f1
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.529 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15297807488378333562…70515446788343645959
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.529 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15297807488378333562…70515446788343645959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.529 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15297807488378333562…70515446788343645961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.059 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
30595614976756667125…41030893576687291919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.059 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
30595614976756667125…41030893576687291921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.119 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
61191229953513334250…82061787153374583839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.119 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
61191229953513334250…82061787153374583841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.223 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12238245990702666850…64123574306749167679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.223 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12238245990702666850…64123574306749167681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.447 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24476491981405333700…28247148613498335359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.447 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24476491981405333700…28247148613498335361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
4.895 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
48952983962810667400…56494297226996670719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,994,239 XPM·at block #6,843,733 · updates every 60s
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