Block #248,641

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/7/2013, 12:17:47 PM · Difficulty 9.9659 · 6,561,540 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
a92a5ea97147ac1f1eb611ce98cd53044ba8a7f96e73f0528ce98a8351156ce3

Height

#248,641

Difficulty

9.965926

Transactions

3

Size

913 B

Version

2

Bits

09f746e7

Nonce

23,792

Timestamp

11/7/2013, 12:17:47 PM

Confirmations

6,561,540

Merkle Root

bdbd367925fe4e753ed1dcd5bfcc6ba9e438815db3311b0064bad1f62bb1a76b
Transactions (3)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.328 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13288024546868049660…71940241048876239841
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.328 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13288024546868049660…71940241048876239841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.657 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
26576049093736099320…43880482097752479681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
5.315 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
53152098187472198641…87760964195504959361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.063 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10630419637494439728…75521928391009918721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.126 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
21260839274988879456…51043856782019837441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
4.252 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
42521678549977758912…02087713564039674881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
8.504 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
85043357099955517825…04175427128079349761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.700 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
17008671419991103565…08350854256158699521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
3.401 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
34017342839982207130…16701708512317399041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,725,517 XPM·at block #6,810,180 · updates every 60s
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