Block #2,484,520

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/22/2018, 8:18:58 AM · Difficulty 10.9673 · 4,357,556 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
34d98ab3d0e97f4ecfd4c841cc66410504de3d422be1d6301b6b7aaba66924a6

Height

#2,484,520

Difficulty

10.967315

Transactions

69

Size

20.26 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af7a1f6

Nonce

392,276,502

Timestamp

1/22/2018, 8:18:58 AM

Confirmations

4,357,556

Merkle Root

7b7803d9426f6a42f595c1f4aef619cf4e7cce58609e26c82b1a1990ee68e181
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.685 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
56852428284689030101…79689576438108957439
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.685 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
56852428284689030101…79689576438108957439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.685 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
56852428284689030101…79689576438108957441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.137 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11370485656937806020…59379152876217914879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.137 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11370485656937806020…59379152876217914881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.274 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22740971313875612040…18758305752435829759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.274 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22740971313875612040…18758305752435829761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.548 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
45481942627751224081…37516611504871659519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.548 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
45481942627751224081…37516611504871659521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
9.096 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
90963885255502448163…75033223009743319039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
9.096 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
90963885255502448163…75033223009743319041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,980,993 XPM·at block #6,842,075 · updates every 60s
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