Block #247,972

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/7/2013, 2:20:59 AM · Difficulty 9.9654 · 6,561,773 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
5aaa40b43f302c408b89d036d5ed0646bf6dea888286dd21ad2acdd6bc3f2b1d

Height

#247,972

Difficulty

9.965417

Transactions

8

Size

26.49 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f72593

Nonce

4,891

Timestamp

11/7/2013, 2:20:59 AM

Confirmations

6,561,773

Merkle Root

732f6a15080d2443f5413a9620425dee71bac4835901f23bae1ee4d97f1b0901
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.312 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
13127606745345589801…56366114010636175999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.312 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
13127606745345589801…56366114010636175999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.312 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
13127606745345589801…56366114010636176001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.625 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
26255213490691179602…12732228021272351999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.625 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
26255213490691179602…12732228021272352001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.251 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
52510426981382359205…25464456042544703999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.251 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
52510426981382359205…25464456042544704001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.050 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
10502085396276471841…50928912085089407999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.050 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
10502085396276471841…50928912085089408001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.100 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
21004170792552943682…01857824170178815999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.100 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
21004170792552943682…01857824170178816001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,722,044 XPM·at block #6,809,744 · updates every 60s
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