Block #2,479,360

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/18/2018, 9:34:18 PM · Difficulty 10.9659 · 4,362,708 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
12ec2710b01be447ce56bc7bd3e6120805b27ebd50394275d4cdc1aeb28aadfa

Height

#2,479,360

Difficulty

10.965858

Transactions

21

Size

4.86 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af74273

Nonce

1,644,738,369

Timestamp

1/18/2018, 9:34:18 PM

Confirmations

4,362,708

Merkle Root

4bfdda055ea870dbbebe3c9b072702f4d18f0c1c6283dfee7206520857763302
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.380 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
23807021247280866403…55869814152656406339
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.380 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
23807021247280866403…55869814152656406339
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.380 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
23807021247280866403…55869814152656406341
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.761 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
47614042494561732806…11739628305312812679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.761 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
47614042494561732806…11739628305312812681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
9.522 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
95228084989123465613…23479256610625625359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
9.522 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
95228084989123465613…23479256610625625361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.904 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19045616997824693122…46958513221251250719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.904 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19045616997824693122…46958513221251250721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.809 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
38091233995649386245…93917026442502501439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.809 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
38091233995649386245…93917026442502501441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,980,928 XPM·at block #6,842,067 · updates every 60s
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