Block #247,815

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/7/2013, 12:01:22 AM · Difficulty 9.9653 · 6,546,834 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
8f20a9cf1664de430d2c903d7332987c8e2df6d71b8996213a79607069c75149

Height

#247,815

Difficulty

9.965308

Transactions

11

Size

13.15 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f71e6c

Nonce

19,438

Timestamp

11/7/2013, 12:01:22 AM

Confirmations

6,546,834

Merkle Root

5aa667dac811d95337afd699d6738b7479af62b0b488f0372d872f9751579dfd
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.740 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
37405893910973818392…33127364974982356799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.740 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
37405893910973818392…33127364974982356799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.740 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
37405893910973818392…33127364974982356801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.481 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
74811787821947636785…66254729949964713599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.481 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
74811787821947636785…66254729949964713601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.496 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
14962357564389527357…32509459899929427199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.496 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
14962357564389527357…32509459899929427201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.992 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
29924715128779054714…65018919799858854399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.992 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
29924715128779054714…65018919799858854401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.984 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
59849430257558109428…30037839599717708799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.984 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
59849430257558109428…30037839599717708801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,601,241 XPM·at block #6,794,648 · updates every 60s
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