Block #2,477,841

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/17/2018, 9:55:24 PM · Difficulty 10.9651 · 4,365,781 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
67aa019dfb78b1e9d91d71431133001439b5e66ec01aea69c73ff0166059d49a

Height

#2,477,841

Difficulty

10.965119

Transactions

7

Size

1.65 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af71202

Nonce

430,601,447

Timestamp

1/17/2018, 9:55:24 PM

Confirmations

4,365,781

Merkle Root

0f178f77d02f4c3bc641de08e680367c2ba014e36b50eec09d140fdb0b6a1b8e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.657 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
36578822357264029427…48338321104904550559
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.657 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
36578822357264029427…48338321104904550559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.657 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
36578822357264029427…48338321104904550561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.315 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
73157644714528058854…96676642209809101119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.315 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
73157644714528058854…96676642209809101121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.463 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14631528942905611770…93353284419618202239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.463 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14631528942905611770…93353284419618202241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.926 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29263057885811223541…86706568839236404479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.926 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29263057885811223541…86706568839236404481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.852 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
58526115771622447083…73413137678472808959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.852 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
58526115771622447083…73413137678472808961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,993,342 XPM·at block #6,843,621 · updates every 60s
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