Block #2,472,615

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/14/2018, 11:42:51 AM · Difficulty 10.9629 · 4,370,282 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
7b2cfb9e1ef311b3165e4f6e407090a1d87ff81fcc6545bf243534c78ae443b6

Height

#2,472,615

Difficulty

10.962877

Transactions

28

Size

9.47 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af67f18

Nonce

1,665,976,128

Timestamp

1/14/2018, 11:42:51 AM

Confirmations

4,370,282

Merkle Root

2f617f25f30e74e13c5aabf1b7e1c060b17adb0ba494429477c7dbbd148658c0
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.795 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
47950778888314674344…09186473017728193919
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.795 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
47950778888314674344…09186473017728193919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.795 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
47950778888314674344…09186473017728193921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
9.590 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
95901557776629348688…18372946035456387839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
9.590 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
95901557776629348688…18372946035456387841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.918 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19180311555325869737…36745892070912775679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.918 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19180311555325869737…36745892070912775681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.836 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
38360623110651739475…73491784141825551359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.836 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
38360623110651739475…73491784141825551361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
7.672 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
76721246221303478950…46983568283651102719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
7.672 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
76721246221303478950…46983568283651102721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,987,524 XPM·at block #6,842,896 · updates every 60s
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