Block #2,467,425

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/11/2018, 2:10:58 AM · Difficulty 10.9605 · 4,372,067 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
79aebc5ee0ddcf9361142ab7f6736dd03a2579252832db5af6f46d764e1b437b

Height

#2,467,425

Difficulty

10.960470

Transactions

6

Size

2.28 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af5e155

Nonce

1,332,649,229

Timestamp

1/11/2018, 2:10:58 AM

Confirmations

4,372,067

Merkle Root

d6af2cf94aee1c18ddf350e455d9859be66041761e2153b3751d10c3c68cc5b4
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.059 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
10593278336668788210…18286996786920316799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.059 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
10593278336668788210…18286996786920316799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.059 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
10593278336668788210…18286996786920316801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.118 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
21186556673337576421…36573993573840633599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.118 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
21186556673337576421…36573993573840633601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.237 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
42373113346675152842…73147987147681267199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.237 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
42373113346675152842…73147987147681267201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
8.474 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
84746226693350305684…46295974295362534399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
8.474 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
84746226693350305684…46295974295362534401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.694 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
16949245338670061136…92591948590725068799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.694 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
16949245338670061136…92591948590725068801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
3.389 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
33898490677340122273…85183897181450137599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,960,231 XPM·at block #6,839,491 · updates every 60s
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