Block #246,156

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/5/2013, 10:19:03 PM · Difficulty 9.9643 · 6,562,227 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
ca15eeb33709b7c322756833cbe6b2ca21a1a2d4ae954e9e5e34bef4750fe16c

Height

#246,156

Difficulty

9.964335

Transactions

6

Size

1.41 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f6dea4

Nonce

31,870

Timestamp

11/5/2013, 10:19:03 PM

Confirmations

6,562,227

Merkle Root

f5d1f2259a0275fedf8064efa4157a9f4e168a32d95b28c6628f69491c45bade
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.334 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13343489538127476946…71328005002537045039
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.334 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13343489538127476946…71328005002537045039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.334 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13343489538127476946…71328005002537045041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.668 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
26686979076254953893…42656010005074090079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.668 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
26686979076254953893…42656010005074090081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.337 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
53373958152509907786…85312020010148180159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.337 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
53373958152509907786…85312020010148180161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.067 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10674791630501981557…70624040020296360319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.067 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10674791630501981557…70624040020296360321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.134 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21349583261003963114…41248080040592720639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.134 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21349583261003963114…41248080040592720641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,711,118 XPM·at block #6,808,382 · updates every 60s
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