Block #246,000

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/5/2013, 7:46:13 PM · Difficulty 9.9644 · 6,563,882 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
1bbd321a8b3e00a6a26ef1ce7a211f898e8f19c44d2c2ef7120bbdab93d248b6

Height

#246,000

Difficulty

9.964362

Transactions

6

Size

1.86 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f6e070

Nonce

35,685

Timestamp

11/5/2013, 7:46:13 PM

Confirmations

6,563,882

Merkle Root

b6358c302a98475333c9b7845ba7761c0e9d35c3f8fddf1fbf8e2cf4fb7f9eb5
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.626 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
66266936639937360225…90410930667470044159
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.626 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
66266936639937360225…90410930667470044159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.626 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
66266936639937360225…90410930667470044161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.325 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13253387327987472045…80821861334940088319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.325 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13253387327987472045…80821861334940088321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.650 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
26506774655974944090…61643722669880176639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.650 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
26506774655974944090…61643722669880176641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.301 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
53013549311949888180…23287445339760353279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.301 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
53013549311949888180…23287445339760353281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.060 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10602709862389977636…46574890679520706559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,723,143 XPM·at block #6,809,881 · updates every 60s
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