Block #2,456,184

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/3/2018, 8:24:27 PM · Difficulty 10.9531 · 4,385,325 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
98f7c57da26455ab3685502067a94cac8462943336ad7774267e244a1f8f7f5b

Height

#2,456,184

Difficulty

10.953142

Transactions

32

Size

11.36 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af40121

Nonce

1,974,041,576

Timestamp

1/3/2018, 8:24:27 PM

Confirmations

4,385,325

Merkle Root

f5fb82355a307071aa07333319fd3f0146f9a9d76e64a1e7feaa280dee43499e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.461 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24618072680646223094…03984317576688550399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.461 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24618072680646223094…03984317576688550399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.461 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24618072680646223094…03984317576688550401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.923 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
49236145361292446188…07968635153377100799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.923 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
49236145361292446188…07968635153377100801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
9.847 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
98472290722584892376…15937270306754201599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
9.847 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
98472290722584892376…15937270306754201601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.969 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19694458144516978475…31874540613508403199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.969 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19694458144516978475…31874540613508403201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.938 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
39388916289033956950…63749081227016806399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.938 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
39388916289033956950…63749081227016806401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,976,452 XPM·at block #6,841,508 · updates every 60s
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