Block #245,616

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/5/2013, 2:15:56 PM · Difficulty 9.9640 · 6,551,139 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
7b60de699dc37f7c74c256718d7f4a4b97476e6eb7fc52b0e636da1d44b9efdf

Height

#245,616

Difficulty

9.963963

Transactions

8

Size

4.55 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f6c640

Nonce

51,700

Timestamp

11/5/2013, 2:15:56 PM

Confirmations

6,551,139

Merkle Root

dfd2da7009070f69c0f2e159a500133a5a44d146e7d440d5f2cb15f5e5e4e59b
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.386 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
43862990500356229891…74372474200771640321
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
4.386 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
43862990500356229891…74372474200771640321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
8.772 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
87725981000712459782…48744948401543280641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.754 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
17545196200142491956…97489896803086561281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.509 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
35090392400284983913…94979793606173122561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
7.018 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
70180784800569967826…89959587212346245121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.403 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
14036156960113993565…79919174424692490241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.807 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
28072313920227987130…59838348849384980481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
5.614 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
56144627840455974260…19676697698769960961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.122 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
11228925568091194852…39353395397539921921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,618,049 XPM·at block #6,796,754 · updates every 60s
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