Block #245,111

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/5/2013, 6:59:58 AM · Difficulty 9.9635 · 6,554,135 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
98b9f294e022a69f5930c591a419d0c0cda640e607441345f03f5dbf267c7268

Height

#245,111

Difficulty

9.963458

Transactions

1

Size

1.81 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f6a52c

Nonce

373,600

Timestamp

11/5/2013, 6:59:58 AM

Confirmations

6,554,135

Merkle Root

72ab7f1301204b513c6a03579727860d6e265ff36b5e12c2deb06386420909d2
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.133 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
91332472129020343691…77484952093400145521
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
9.133 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
91332472129020343691…77484952093400145521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.826 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
18266494425804068738…54969904186800291041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
3.653 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
36532988851608137476…09939808373600582081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
7.306 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
73065977703216274953…19879616747201164161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.461 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
14613195540643254990…39759233494402328321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.922 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
29226391081286509981…79518466988804656641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
5.845 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
58452782162573019962…59036933977609313281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.169 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11690556432514603992…18073867955218626561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.338 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
23381112865029207984…36147735910437253121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,638,006 XPM·at block #6,799,245 · updates every 60s
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