Block #242,967

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/4/2013, 12:52:40 AM · Difficulty 9.9608 · 6,565,988 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
e71bb1e5186781ca3fd13e3a37be9509e4af1b2dd364d81c3d09ab776baa788a

Height

#242,967

Difficulty

9.960826

Transactions

10

Size

2.41 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f5f8af

Nonce

113,764

Timestamp

11/4/2013, 12:52:40 AM

Confirmations

6,565,988

Merkle Root

914d397ee3511751233804503a83cd8c10549206eb075c0be3a59c833791e090
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.338 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
33383039568969870565…10316050935915270399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.338 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
33383039568969870565…10316050935915270399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.338 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
33383039568969870565…10316050935915270401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.676 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
66766079137939741130…20632101871830540799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.676 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
66766079137939741130…20632101871830540801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.335 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
13353215827587948226…41264203743661081599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.335 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
13353215827587948226…41264203743661081601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.670 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
26706431655175896452…82528407487322163199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.670 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
26706431655175896452…82528407487322163201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.341 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
53412863310351792904…65056814974644326399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.341 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
53412863310351792904…65056814974644326401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,715,693 XPM·at block #6,808,954 · updates every 60s
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