Block #238,555

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/1/2013, 3:11:47 PM · Difficulty 9.9525 · 6,570,962 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
443ea9adc98e8d9a3605ca5727a48cf12c95401c5a19018aa5fb5931f503d3a7

Height

#238,555

Difficulty

9.952489

Transactions

10

Size

3.50 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f3d64c

Nonce

15,986

Timestamp

11/1/2013, 3:11:47 PM

Confirmations

6,570,962

Merkle Root

faf67b0e96f2fe44fcdd0918162b26f7fe75f8e302378dc333ca8544a2c062de
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.193 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
71931014247247773645…13974697281895466241
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
7.193 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
71931014247247773645…13974697281895466241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.438 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
14386202849449554729…27949394563790932481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.877 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
28772405698899109458…55898789127581864961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
5.754 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
57544811397798218916…11797578255163729921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.150 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
11508962279559643783…23595156510327459841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.301 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
23017924559119287566…47190313020654919681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
4.603 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
46035849118238575133…94380626041309839361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
9.207 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
92071698236477150266…88761252082619678721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.841 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
18414339647295430053…77522504165239357441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,720,212 XPM·at block #6,809,516 · updates every 60s
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