Block #2,383,910

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/17/2017, 11:49:08 PM · Difficulty 10.8754 · 4,459,115 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
390c92b0bb179ff45cecfe39b880f7ccedf50afe07f2f33e38737879fdfc413f

Height

#2,383,910

Difficulty

10.875351

Transactions

20

Size

7.60 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ae016fb

Nonce

414,898,639

Timestamp

11/17/2017, 11:49:08 PM

Confirmations

4,459,115

Merkle Root

9522e826b0fc7bb364c94c0de755a80ab9274ae6cffc72d0fa0e7c3dede20212
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.845 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
58451144676065869250…05904328171672921919
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.845 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
58451144676065869250…05904328171672921919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.845 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
58451144676065869250…05904328171672921921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.169 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11690228935213173850…11808656343345843839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.169 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11690228935213173850…11808656343345843841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.338 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
23380457870426347700…23617312686691687679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.338 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
23380457870426347700…23617312686691687681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.676 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
46760915740852695400…47234625373383375359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.676 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
46760915740852695400…47234625373383375361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
9.352 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
93521831481705390801…94469250746766750719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
9.352 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
93521831481705390801…94469250746766750721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,988,554 XPM·at block #6,843,024 · updates every 60s
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