Block #237,936

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/1/2013, 7:41:24 AM · Difficulty 9.9509 · 6,573,084 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
7b5dd826fb2f1289758fd0ad2709afc1d2985a8d8c755115970dce2592a9bfe3

Height

#237,936

Difficulty

9.950852

Transactions

6

Size

1.52 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f36b01

Nonce

103,583

Timestamp

11/1/2013, 7:41:24 AM

Confirmations

6,573,084

Merkle Root

7bfd0c712afda8433afec1694ee097060a8dedcf877df5aa5648ac227e5ac193
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.669 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
56697052367926645999…40898168535358822399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.669 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
56697052367926645999…40898168535358822399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.669 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
56697052367926645999…40898168535358822401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.133 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11339410473585329199…81796337070717644799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.133 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11339410473585329199…81796337070717644801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.267 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22678820947170658399…63592674141435289599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.267 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22678820947170658399…63592674141435289601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.535 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
45357641894341316799…27185348282870579199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.535 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
45357641894341316799…27185348282870579201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
9.071 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
90715283788682633598…54370696565741158399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
9.071 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
90715283788682633598…54370696565741158401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,732,266 XPM·at block #6,811,019 · updates every 60s
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