1. #6,816,4432CC11 primes

    Cunningham 2nd · ⛏️ coinsforall.io

Block #237,150

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/31/2013, 9:09:56 PM · Difficulty 9.9492 · 6,579,294 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
0470b2a73a78c6e8e81b3da49d860ba940884a955845d9bbba53637803d72003

Height

#237,150

Difficulty

9.949222

Transactions

3

Size

800 B

Version

2

Bits

09f3003a

Nonce

105,637

Timestamp

10/31/2013, 9:09:56 PM

Confirmations

6,579,294

Merkle Root

ae089225ce550f62e0ab4a9dc151b8c89870a8ab667ffcfa97359ba0f26ec43d
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.551 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
55512549135290767565…03662121000673276161
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
5.551 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
55512549135290767565…03662121000673276161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.110 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11102509827058153513…07324242001346552321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.220 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
22205019654116307026…14648484002693104641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
4.441 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
44410039308232614052…29296968005386209281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
8.882 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
88820078616465228104…58593936010772418561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.776 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
17764015723293045620…17187872021544837121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
3.552 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
35528031446586091241…34375744043089674241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
7.105 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
71056062893172182483…68751488086179348481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.421 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
14211212578634436496…37502976172358696961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,775,678 XPM·at block #6,816,443 · updates every 60s
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