Block #237,092

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/31/2013, 8:32:36 PM · Difficulty 9.9491 · 6,579,130 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
3a32d0a349e843dd533f5ff0a8795881295956c86b8e36ba37ece8239f6f5b1a

Height

#237,092

Difficulty

9.949094

Transactions

4

Size

1.69 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f2f7d8

Nonce

65,984

Timestamp

10/31/2013, 8:32:36 PM

Confirmations

6,579,130

Merkle Root

1fff3cad4afb49994579397c956d85ba84c2eeb803f8b1c7f1084d9b201f68b4
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.612 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
46129296726030954597…18372842469313228801
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
4.612 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
46129296726030954597…18372842469313228801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
9.225 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
92258593452061909194…36745684938626457601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.845 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
18451718690412381838…73491369877252915201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.690 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
36903437380824763677…46982739754505830401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
7.380 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
73806874761649527355…93965479509011660801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.476 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
14761374952329905471…87930959018023321601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.952 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
29522749904659810942…75861918036046643201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
5.904 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
59045499809319621884…51723836072093286401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.180 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11809099961863924376…03447672144186572801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
2.361 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
23618199923727848753…06895344288373145601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,773,904 XPM·at block #6,816,221 · updates every 60s
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