Block #236,957

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/31/2013, 6:43:29 PM · Difficulty 9.9488 · 6,554,526 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
fd1de9bfe756d2c6a7481fdfd8d1cef9ec2ffb64c7523958c0b53306d69951bb

Height

#236,957

Difficulty

9.948820

Transactions

6

Size

2.74 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f2e5e3

Nonce

14,996

Timestamp

10/31/2013, 6:43:29 PM

Confirmations

6,554,526

Merkle Root

3b1199e6a3bacbff6b8aa1a8279174198a6704d0d31e954aae886ce15f631c64
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.512 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
25121231811360641225…33657927412186008801
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.512 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
25121231811360641225…33657927412186008801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
5.024 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
50242463622721282450…67315854824372017601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.004 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
10048492724544256490…34631709648744035201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.009 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
20096985449088512980…69263419297488070401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
4.019 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
40193970898177025960…38526838594976140801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
8.038 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
80387941796354051920…77053677189952281601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.607 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
16077588359270810384…54107354379904563201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
3.215 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
32155176718541620768…08214708759809126401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
6.431 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
64310353437083241536…16429417519618252801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.286 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
12862070687416648307…32858835039236505601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,575,803 XPM·at block #6,791,482 · updates every 60s
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