Block #236,551

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/31/2013, 1:33:43 PM · Difficulty 9.9479 · 6,588,099 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
020ed6a3429b2e5fa27220a54c402eee48e4ae3f8e849ef1903f18e0bb3cd4db

Height

#236,551

Difficulty

9.947865

Transactions

1

Size

1.51 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f2a74a

Nonce

121,442

Timestamp

10/31/2013, 1:33:43 PM

Confirmations

6,588,099

Merkle Root

15076c8d1f2afb92f0f56fae5b234327decd090a4351ab5cc5b5fce9bd6064ee
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.547 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
15479701963807617027…55920263340602858881
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.547 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
15479701963807617027…55920263340602858881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.095 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
30959403927615234055…11840526681205717761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
6.191 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
61918807855230468110…23681053362411435521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.238 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
12383761571046093622…47362106724822871041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.476 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
24767523142092187244…94724213449645742081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
4.953 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
49535046284184374488…89448426899291484161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
9.907 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
99070092568368748977…78896853798582968321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.981 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
19814018513673749795…57793707597165936641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
3.962 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
39628037027347499590…15587415194331873281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,841,265 XPM·at block #6,824,649 · updates every 60s
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