Block #2,360,953

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/1/2017, 7:55:03 AM · Difficulty 10.8979 · 4,466,236 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
a26624129a65c44fb7865179161fc80aa975c382638b49f0d56524d492b25cdd

Height

#2,360,953

Difficulty

10.897912

Transactions

6

Size

3.29 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ae5dd8a

Nonce

1,514,853,089

Timestamp

11/1/2017, 7:55:03 AM

Confirmations

4,466,236

Merkle Root

76c46b283703fe1de277137993512f2829e10f7259d1d84b936956e3a48eb018
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.766 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
27667613965607892747…00796976340199302479
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.766 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
27667613965607892747…00796976340199302479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.766 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
27667613965607892747…00796976340199302481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.533 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
55335227931215785494…01593952680398604959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.533 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
55335227931215785494…01593952680398604961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.106 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11067045586243157098…03187905360797209919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.106 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11067045586243157098…03187905360797209921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.213 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
22134091172486314197…06375810721594419839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.213 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
22134091172486314197…06375810721594419841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.426 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
44268182344972628395…12751621443188839679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.426 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
44268182344972628395…12751621443188839681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,861,609 XPM·at block #6,827,188 · updates every 60s
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