Block #235,740

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/31/2013, 3:04:19 AM · Difficulty 9.9459 · 6,575,348 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
bd21998e8c9174f546ad5b0b0bc470e9ddb7481ce2ae84b7f42e7736dcfa2002

Height

#235,740

Difficulty

9.945883

Transactions

4

Size

2.92 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f22568

Nonce

37,764

Timestamp

10/31/2013, 3:04:19 AM

Confirmations

6,575,348

Merkle Root

4aea23853aa252170d66489f7ef47dee09aa2e624bc30c5ff1211fd1cfbc97ce
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.901 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
49013770653826962833…64176866288634982401
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
4.901 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
49013770653826962833…64176866288634982401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
9.802 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
98027541307653925667…28353732577269964801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.960 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
19605508261530785133…56707465154539929601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.921 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
39211016523061570267…13414930309079859201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
7.842 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
78422033046123140534…26829860618159718401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.568 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
15684406609224628106…53659721236319436801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
3.136 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
31368813218449256213…07319442472638873601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
6.273 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
62737626436898512427…14638884945277747201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.254 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
12547525287379702485…29277769890555494401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,732,812 XPM·at block #6,811,087 · updates every 60s
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