Block #2,351,918

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 10/26/2017, 5:25:59 AM · Difficulty 10.8925 · 4,487,864 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
1e59c3d2dda248ddf188dc27b7afa09645aa9018d26f321fa74b81958b86e033

Height

#2,351,918

Difficulty

10.892498

Transactions

38

Size

12.11 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ae47abd

Nonce

1,153,943,885

Timestamp

10/26/2017, 5:25:59 AM

Confirmations

4,487,864

Merkle Root

f6ec26ead1d02bbbaf87b4598f4bb515a163b04b0db7069e674f81233fdeb707
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.244 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22446672822913848178…16100660285000253439
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.244 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22446672822913848178…16100660285000253439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.244 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22446672822913848178…16100660285000253441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.489 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
44893345645827696356…32201320570000506879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.489 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
44893345645827696356…32201320570000506881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
8.978 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
89786691291655392712…64402641140001013759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
8.978 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
89786691291655392712…64402641140001013761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.795 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17957338258331078542…28805282280002027519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.795 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17957338258331078542…28805282280002027521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.591 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
35914676516662157084…57610564560004055039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.591 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
35914676516662157084…57610564560004055041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,962,546 XPM·at block #6,839,781 · updates every 60s
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