Block #2,342,336

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 10/19/2017, 2:43:32 AM · Difficulty 10.9054 · 4,490,346 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
de1ac38a283f96b796d43e7849a3f7087c8dd964da128f1c92ffd07155bc9cca

Height

#2,342,336

Difficulty

10.905403

Transactions

36

Size

9.02 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ae7c87e

Nonce

1,282,790,989

Timestamp

10/19/2017, 2:43:32 AM

Confirmations

4,490,346

Merkle Root

a5e05f5ac0997b26d2b279367083fef058828f208b84fd5d4ed93484265f5c49
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.179 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
71797188938664063826…20554503503084075519
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.179 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
71797188938664063826…20554503503084075519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.179 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
71797188938664063826…20554503503084075521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.435 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14359437787732812765…41109007006168151039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.435 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14359437787732812765…41109007006168151041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.871 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
28718875575465625530…82218014012336302079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.871 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
28718875575465625530…82218014012336302081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.743 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
57437751150931251061…64436028024672604159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.743 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
57437751150931251061…64436028024672604161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.148 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11487550230186250212…28872056049345208319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.148 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11487550230186250212…28872056049345208321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.297 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
22975100460372500424…57744112098690416639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,905,610 XPM·at block #6,832,681 · updates every 60s
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