Block #2,314,468

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 9/29/2017, 4:02:31 PM · Difficulty 10.9069 · 4,497,996 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
66d53059162c39886ac3ddc582c449899f7a20dcc303ce87cbc8169b7142859d

Height

#2,314,468

Difficulty

10.906872

Transactions

55

Size

19.85 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ae828c5

Nonce

441,187,085

Timestamp

9/29/2017, 4:02:31 PM

Confirmations

4,497,996

Merkle Root

874a3be27f465a4db625c2698018d7833751203c73faf1f90a83c0b1386b5fb8
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.904 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
19043593938650286379…47654594010247010999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.904 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
19043593938650286379…47654594010247010999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.904 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
19043593938650286379…47654594010247011001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.808 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
38087187877300572758…95309188020494021999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.808 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
38087187877300572758…95309188020494022001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.617 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
76174375754601145517…90618376040988043999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.617 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
76174375754601145517…90618376040988044001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.523 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15234875150920229103…81236752081976087999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.523 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15234875150920229103…81236752081976088001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.046 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
30469750301840458207…62473504163952175999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.046 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
30469750301840458207…62473504163952176001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,743,738 XPM·at block #6,812,463 · updates every 60s
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