Block #2,294,105

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 9/13/2017, 2:04:15 AM · Difficulty 10.9532 · 4,549,199 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
3afe94031458e10e75eeff2500cc9af60f81e1394701ed1a2f66c16f818ef796

Height

#2,294,105

Difficulty

10.953205

Transactions

7

Size

2.18 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af40536

Nonce

142,422,519

Timestamp

9/13/2017, 2:04:15 AM

Confirmations

4,549,199

Merkle Root

2c820f548178ec9c80a71a2e725495c8134bafb0db84cd1155ba994d3984685d
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.413 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24134788021404447557…99294147225563242559
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.413 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24134788021404447557…99294147225563242559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.413 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24134788021404447557…99294147225563242561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.826 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
48269576042808895115…98588294451126485119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.826 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
48269576042808895115…98588294451126485121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
9.653 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
96539152085617790231…97176588902252970239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
9.653 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
96539152085617790231…97176588902252970241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.930 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19307830417123558046…94353177804505940479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.930 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19307830417123558046…94353177804505940481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.861 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
38615660834247116092…88706355609011880959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.861 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
38615660834247116092…88706355609011880961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,990,797 XPM·at block #6,843,303 · updates every 60s
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