Block #2,294,015

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 9/13/2017, 12:10:50 AM · Difficulty 10.9534 · 4,504,978 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
b9e4a3607e46a4382b9e353ededae638220fa57154034d40d9401428e0de8565

Height

#2,294,015

Difficulty

10.953418

Transactions

49

Size

13.66 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af4132f

Nonce

1,153,404,668

Timestamp

9/13/2017, 12:10:50 AM

Confirmations

4,504,978

Merkle Root

716aa03c0b0e49bbd53604aba7775a1a0512a5b2b692ed2116875eedaa2c6403
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.614 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
56143262058654817662…23958639743066931199
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.614 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
56143262058654817662…23958639743066931199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.614 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
56143262058654817662…23958639743066931201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.122 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11228652411730963532…47917279486133862399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.122 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11228652411730963532…47917279486133862401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.245 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
22457304823461927065…95834558972267724799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.245 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
22457304823461927065…95834558972267724801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.491 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
44914609646923854130…91669117944535449599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.491 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
44914609646923854130…91669117944535449601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
8.982 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
89829219293847708260…83338235889070899199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
8.982 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
89829219293847708260…83338235889070899201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,635,984 XPM·at block #6,798,992 · updates every 60s
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