Block #2,292,086

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 9/11/2017, 1:00:18 PM · Difficulty 10.9550 · 4,549,817 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
bfc655296182bf04e9ed36459c37ce9bbdf6d43d1995963ce78a09ff219bd470

Height

#2,292,086

Difficulty

10.955025

Transactions

8

Size

1.97 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af47c81

Nonce

501,068,403

Timestamp

9/11/2017, 1:00:18 PM

Confirmations

4,549,817

Merkle Root

d9ed4f05ca65e1f752c07ac576aa450ad58eca182498c6b5ad38ddd5aa58033d
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.478 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
94784123194383990864…28708477599560702559
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.478 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
94784123194383990864…28708477599560702559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.478 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
94784123194383990864…28708477599560702561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.895 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
18956824638876798172…57416955199121405119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.895 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
18956824638876798172…57416955199121405121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.791 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
37913649277753596345…14833910398242810239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.791 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
37913649277753596345…14833910398242810241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.582 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
75827298555507192691…29667820796485620479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.582 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
75827298555507192691…29667820796485620481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.516 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15165459711101438538…59335641592971240959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.516 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15165459711101438538…59335641592971240961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,979,598 XPM·at block #6,841,902 · updates every 60s
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