Block #2,290,115

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 9/10/2017, 3:10:20 AM · Difficulty 10.9555 · 4,549,339 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
97981911774d9dcde37f31e03df23099a00cec8897f5af46f836d66d4190f0a7

Height

#2,290,115

Difficulty

10.955480

Transactions

6

Size

1.60 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af49a5c

Nonce

328,141,579

Timestamp

9/10/2017, 3:10:20 AM

Confirmations

4,549,339

Merkle Root

a11aa5fae2b5db7538a99ccbe27419846690a33287049dfcf80fb85aebe8556f
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.763 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
37630732278213590986…28844934423799787519
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.763 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
37630732278213590986…28844934423799787519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.763 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
37630732278213590986…28844934423799787521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.526 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
75261464556427181973…57689868847599575039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.526 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
75261464556427181973…57689868847599575041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.505 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15052292911285436394…15379737695199150079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.505 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15052292911285436394…15379737695199150081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.010 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
30104585822570872789…30759475390398300159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.010 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
30104585822570872789…30759475390398300161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.020 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
60209171645141745578…61518950780796600319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.020 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
60209171645141745578…61518950780796600321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,959,922 XPM·at block #6,839,453 · updates every 60s
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